Factor structure, item analyses and internal consistency in a large population. Validity of the beck depression inventory, hospital anxiety and depression scale, scl90, and hamilton depression rating scale as screening instruments for depression in stroke patients. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springerlink. Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. A confirmatory bifactor analysis of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in an italian community sample.
The italian version of the depression anxiety stress. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. A confirmatory bifactor analysis of the hospital anxiety. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is officially distributed by mapi research trust. Please visit proqolideprovide for more information. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was. Loss of interest, lack of pleasure in hobbies, depression, early waking, diurnal swing.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. Assessment of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Factor structure and psychometric properties on community and clinical samples gioia bottesia. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night. The had scale consists of a total of 14 questions with seven each on symptoms of anxiety and depression. The findings of this study were published by zigmond and snaith 19831.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads depression only study identification tool comparator caseness population results consultation hahn et al. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used in both research and clinical contexts. Depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 for each statement below, please circle the number in the column that best represents how you have been feeling in the last week. The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid when used in community settings and primary care medical practice. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed from a study conducted in the outpatient clinic of a general medical hospital.
This article examines whether these problems could be due to the construction of the. Most physicians are aware of this aspect of the illness of their patients but many feel incompetent to provide the patient with reliable information. Many translated example sentences containing hospital anxiety and depression scale. It has become a popular tool, for clinical practice and research. Anxiety depression summary the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population through selfreporting. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational medicine. Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can assess the symptom severity. Bgp article hospital anxiety and depression had scale.
Assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population. Full details of the method of construction of the hads is given. Responses are based on the relative frequency of symptoms over the past week. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 to identify caseness possible and probable of anxiety disorders and depression among patients in nonpsychiatric hospital clinics. It is used extensively in france, but has never been the subject of a full study in a population at work. Tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads description. Pdf defining hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in different groups of dutch subjects. Defining hospital anxiety and depression scale hads structure. Read each item and place a firm tick in the box opposite the reply which. Hads is comprised of 14 questions which assess levels of depression and anxiety.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. Hads officially distributed by mapi research trust eprovide. Outcome measure hospital anxiety and depression scale hads sensitivity to change yes population adult domain psychological status anxiety and depression type of measure selfreport scale icfcodes b152 emotional functions description the hads is a 14item selfreport measure, with seven items forming a depression subscale and another seven measuring anxiety. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads spinal cord.
Hads hospital anxiety and depression scale pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire widely this tool has been translated and validated in many countries and its capacity. Hospital anxiety and depression scale manual 2019 natural. Problems in crosscultural use of the hospital anxiety and. Hospital anxiety and depression scale for cancer patients e. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. Originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. From scores on the hospital anxiety and depression scale only 178 46% would be regarded as free from anxiety, with 100 25% scoring as borderline cases and 111 29% likely to be experiencing. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely. The anxiety subscale hads a has a specificity of 0. I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all. To reduce the risk of a false positive bias, the scale does not assess symptoms of anxiety and depression related to. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. General practitioners gps diagnostic skills lead to underidentification of generalized anxiety disorders gad and major depressive episodes mde. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is an instrument designed to detect the presence and severity of mild degrees of mood disorder, anxiety and depression.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale rehabmeasures database. Originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi. Objective the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used to screen for anxiety and depression.
It is presented as an easy to use questionnai re which allows to establish the presence and. Supplement of brief questionnaires could improve the diagnostic accuracy of gps for these common mental disorders. Statement did not apply to me at all applied to me to some degree or some of the time applied to me a considerable degree or a good part of the time applied to me very. The hads was administered to 521 participants 275 controls and 246 inpatients and outpatients of the internal medicine and surgical departments in attikon general hospital in athens. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a brief and widely used instrument to measure psychological distress in cancer patients and it is available in many languages for example french, german, dutch, italian, spanish, chinese, and arabic. The hads hospital anxiety and depression scale aims to measure symptoms of anxiety hads anxiety and depression hads depression. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a valid. The aim of this study was to analyze the factorial structure of the hads in a large community sample in italy, and to test the invariance of the best fitting model. The hospital anxiety and depression scale springerlink.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a widely used selfreport measure to assess emotional distress in clinical populations. Dec 16, 2014 the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire widely used for detecting anxiety and depressive disorders. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass the dass is a 42item questionnaire which includes three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. The present study gives evidence for using hads to detect anxious and. This is a self screening questionnaire for depression and anxiety. Jul, 2019 hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. Yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. The hospital anxiety and depression had scale developed by zigmond and snaith 6 for the screening of psychological problems is short and simple, and has been found to be valid in the general practice setting 7. The depressive and anxiety subscales are used to measure the severity of each disorder, with each. Hamilton depression r s hamd assessment psychology. This is a sample version of the hospital anxiety and. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been used in several languages to assess anxiety and depression in general hospital patients with good results. The aims of this study were to examine the usefulness of the hospital anxiety and depression rating scale hads for gps by.
Hamilton depression rating scale hamd to be administered by a health care professional 11. The hads is widely used but has shown ambiguous results both regarding the factor structure and sex differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Hospital anxiety and depression scale the hads is a selfadministered scale consisting of 14 items split across anxiety and depression subscales, each with a fourpoint ordinal response format. The depression items tend to focus on the anhedonic symptoms of depression. Construction of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads the study was conducted in the setting of a general medical hospital outpatient clinic. Dahlb, tone tangen haugc, dag neckelmannd adepartment of public health and primary health care, section for preventive medicine, haukeland hospital. Aug 01, 2003 construction of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads the study was conducted in the setting of a general medical hospital outpatient clinic. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for use with adolescents. Many translated example sentences containing hospital anxiety and depression scale spanishenglish dictionary and search engine for spanish translations. The italian version of the depression anxiety stress scales. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the. Hospital anxiety and depression scale request pdf researchgate.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression. Clinicians are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. It was divided into an anxiety subscale hadsa and a depression subscale hadsd both containing seven intermingled items. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads please check you. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi ety in the setting of an. Five hundred and twelve italian consecutive hospitalized cancer patients completed the hads together with a form for the collection of personal and clinical data. The italian version of the depression anxiety stress scales21. Factor structure and psychometric properties on community and clinical samples.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale, a physician in general hospital practice said that. Hamilton anxiety rating scale hama university of florida. The hospital anxiety and depression scale 363 table 1 numbers of patients in each category according to subscale scores depression scale non doubtful scores cases cases cases 07 57 11 1 810 8 7 3 1121 1 4 8 and the rating scale of any respondent who replied positively to either of these questions was discarded. This preliminary validation study of the iranian version of the hads. Review the validity of the hospital anxiety and depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983. This questionnaire is designed to help your doctor know how you feel. Given that this work involved only italian cancer inpatients. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing. The dass was designed by syd lovibond and peter lovibond at the university of new south wales in 1995.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads can be used as a diagnostic aid with adolescents, with modifications to the cutoffs reflecting lower rates of depression among adolescents than among adults and higher rates of anxiety. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a bidirectional selfassessment scale used to screen for clinical depression and anxiety in hospital outpatient medical clinics. The objectives of this study were to present some psychometric properties of the hads on a large sample of french employees. Scores of 07 in respective subscales are considered normal, with 810 borderline and 11 or over indicating clinical caseness. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a brief selfreporting twodimensional questionnaire developed to screen for levels of anxiety and depression among patients in a general hospital setting. The depressive and anxiety subscales are used to measure the severity of each disorder, with each containing seven. If your clinician knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more. The italian version of the depression anxiety stress scales 21. The anxiety and depressive subscales are also valid measures of severity of the emotional disorder. A valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings.
Download as doc, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. A large literature is citable in support of its validity, but difficulties are increasingly being identified, such as inexplicably discrepant optimal cutpoints and inconsistent factorstructures. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, a fourpoint, 14item questionnaire, was tested as a screening method for adjustment disorders and major depressive disorders in a sample of 210. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet. Full text the hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients with. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads detects states of anxiety and depression in an adult population. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet grading. There is a need to assess the contribution of mood disorder, especially anxiety and depression, in order to understand the experience of suffering in the setting of medical practice. This questionnaire is designed to help your clinician to know how you feel. The dass is a measure of mental health focusing on the three traits of depression, anxiety and stress. Dahlb, tone tangen haugc, dag neckelmannd adepartment of public health and primary health care, section for preventive medicine, haukeland hospital, armauer hansen building, university of bergen, n5021 bergen, norway. If your doctor knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients. Depression and anxiety were measured by the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, 38 a 14item questionnaire that assesses depressive 7items and anxiety symptoms 7items on a 4point. The internal consistency and temporal stability of the measure were good. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression. Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can assess the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and depression in patients with. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire widely used for detecting anxiety and depressive disorders. However uk normative data from hads remains limited. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. Each of the three scales contains 14 items, divided into subscales of 25 items with similar content. The hospital anxiety and depression scale zigmond 1983. Normative data for the hospital anxiety and depression scale. The patient should be instructed not to take too long over their replies. Its purpose is to provide clinicians with an acceptable, reliable, valid and easy to use practical tool for identifying and quantifying depression and anxiety.